Family: Fabaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Can grow in >5 hardiness zones, and elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Can grow in subtropical conditions (possibly only at higher elevations)
  
• Other Lupinus species have become invasive weeds
  
• Potentially toxic to animals If consumed in large quantities
  
• Could be toxic to humans if consumed (unlikely scenario)
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Able to form pure stands
  
• Self-compatible
  
• Able to reach maturity in <1 year (annual herb)
  
• Seeds dispersed passively by dehiscence and intentionally by people
  
• Small seeds could possibly be accidentally dispersed
  
• May form a persistent seed bank

Low Risk Traits:

• No reports of naturalization or negative impacts documented (may be due to limited planting outside native range)
  
• Although range extends into subtropical zones, this species is predominantly temperate and may only threaten higher elevation sites in the tropics
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
  
• Ornamental
  
• Beneficial to bees and other pollinators
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively
  
• Herbicides provide effective control of Lupinus species
  
• Effectively controlled by mowing, grazing, cultivating