Family: Thelypteridaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Thrives in tropical climates
  
• Naturalized in Hawaiian Islands and widely naturalized elsewhere
  
• A disturbance-adapted weedy fern (potentially negative environmental impacts)
  
• Shade-tolerant
  
• Reproduces by spores and spreads vegetatively by rhizomes
  
• Reaches maturity in several months
  
• Spores dispersed by wind, water and possibly other vectors
  
• Prolific spore production

Low Risk Traits:

• Naturalized for over 100 years. May have already achieved maximum distribution in Hawaiian Islands and any negative impacts may have already been manifested
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)