Family: Magnoliaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized beyond native range (Illinois, USA)
  
• Widely introduced across multiple continents
  
• Shade tolerant
  
• Tolerates wide range of soil conditions
  
• Produces viable seed
  
• Self-compatible
  
• Seeds dispersed by birds
  
• Seeds survive gut passage
  
• Potential for water dispersal
  
• Possibly allelopathic (leaves slow to decay)

Low Risk Traits:

• No spines or thorns
  
• Not toxic to animals or humans
  
• Not a fire hazard
  
• Does not form dense thickets
  
• No vegetative fragmentation
  
• No wind dispersal
  
• No persistent seed bank (>1 year)
  
• Thin bark (easily damaged, no fire tolerance)