Family: Anacardiaceae
High Risk Traits:
- Naturalized in Hawaii, Fiji, and Tonga
- Grows in tropical & subtropical climates
- Environmentally versatile (wide soil & climate tolerance)
- History of repeated introductions outside native range
- Considered a garden/amenity nuisance (staining, falling fruit, vermin attraction)
- Toxic/skin irritant to humans (sap, smoke)
- Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions
- Hybridizes naturally
- Self-compatible (at least in some cultivars)
- Dispersed intentionally by people
- Tolerates severe pruning
Low Risk Traits:
- Not an agricultural/forestry weed
- No spines, thorns, or burrs
- Not allelopathic (no negative allelopathy)
- Shade intolerant
- No vegetative spread in the wild
- No wind, water, or external animal dispersal
- No persistent seed bank (seeds lose viability quickly)
- Not prolific seed production
