Family: Lamiaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Naturalized in areas with tropical climates
  
• Widely naturalized, including Hawaii and Lanai islands
  
• Disturbance-adapted weed with negative impacts to agriculture and the natural environment
  
• Other Marrubium species are weeds
  
• Generally unpalatable to grazing animals
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Forms dense cover that excludes and inhibits other plants
  
• Reproduces by seeds
  
• Hybridizes with Marrubium supinum
  
• May reach maturity in one year
  
• Fruit attach to animals, vehicles, and clothing and also dispersed by water and contaminated agricultural produce
  
• Seeds survive passage through guts of horses
  
• Prolific seed production
  
• Seeds may persist in the soil for 7-10 years

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
  
• Medicinal uses
  
• Grows primarily in full sun
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively
  
• Cultivation and fire provide effective control
  
• Herbicides may provide effective control