Family: Brassicaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Widely cultivated and naturalized (but not in the Hawaiian Islands to date)
  
• Described as a garden escape, and sometimes as a weed, but negative impacts are unspecified
  
• In Australia, regarded as an environmental weed of rarely significant impacts on natural systems
  
• Other species in the genus are invasive weeds
  
• Potentially allelopathic
  
• Unpalatable and resistant to deer (and probably other browsing animals)
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by wind-dispersed seeds
  
• Self-fertile
  
• May reach maturity in one growing season (annual life cycle in some environments)
  
• Seeds dispersed by wind, through intentional cultivation, and potentially through accidental movement

Low Risk Traits:

• Where cultivated, generally regarded as a desirable plant with minimal to negligible impacts
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Grows best in high light environments (dense shade may inhibit spread)