Family: Brassicaceae
High Risk Traits:
- Widely cultivated and naturalized (but not in the Hawaiian Islands to date)
- Described as a garden escape, and sometimes as a weed, but negative impacts are unspecified
- In Australia, regarded as an environmental weed of rarely significant impacts on natural systems
- Other species in the genus are invasive weeds
- Potentially allelopathic
- Unpalatable and resistant to deer (and probably other browsing animals)
- Tolerates many soil types
- Reproduces by wind-dispersed seeds
- Self-fertile
- May reach maturity in one growing season (annual life cycle in some environments)
- Seeds dispersed by wind, through intentional cultivation, and potentially through accidental movement
Low Risk Traits:
- Where cultivated, generally regarded as a desirable plant with minimal to negligible impacts
- Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
- Non-toxic
- Grows best in high light environments (dense shade may inhibit spread)