Family: Meliaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized in Hawaiʻi (all main islands)
  
• Weedy in disturbed areas (roadsides, old fields, lots)
  
• Environmental weed (invades disturbed & undisturbed areas)
  
• Allelopathic (inhibits other plants)
  
• Toxic to animals (fruits/leaves lethal to livestock)
  
• Host for crop pests (citrus weevil, etc.)
  
• Tolerates wide soil types (sand, clay, alkaline, salt)
  
• Forms dense thickets via root suckers
  
• Bird-dispersed seeds; survives gut passage
  
• Persistent seed bank (≥26 months)
  
• Resprouts after fire or injury

Low Risk Traits:

• Not shade tolerant (requires open sun)
  
• Low flammability
  
• Not wind- or water-dispersed
  
• Low seed production (<1000/m²)
  
• Minimum generative time ~4 years