Family: Rubiaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Tolerates varied soils (clay, sand, loam; acidic to slightly alkaline)
  
• Shade tolerant
  
• Produces viable seed
  
• Generalist pollinators (butterflies)
  
• Flowers in 6–24 months
  
• Bird-dispersed fleshy berries (survive gut passage)
  
• Many seeds per fruit
  
• Resprouts after dieback

Low Risk Traits:

• No naturalization or weediness documented
  
• No spines, thorns, burrs, toxins, or pests
  
• No vegetative fragmentation
  
• No wind, water, or external animal dispersal
  
• No persistent seed bank