Family: Rubiaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Tolerates partial shade.
  
• Can form dense thickets.
  
• Produces viable seed.
  
• Reproduces in 2 years (short generation time).
  
• Propagules dispersed intentionally by people.
  
• Fleshy berries adapted for bird dispersal.
  
• Survives gut passage (bird dispersal syndrome).
  
• Tolerates heavy pruning and regrows after frost damage.

Low Risk Traits:

• No evidence of naturalization or weediness.
  
• No spines, thorns, or burrs.
  
• No evidence of toxicity or allelopathy.
  
• No evidence of vegetative fragmentation.
  
• No wind or water dispersal adaptations.
  
• Low seed production; fruit infrequent in cultivation.
  
• No persistent seed bank (>1 year).