Family: Podocarpaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Able to grow in cooler, subtropical climates
  
• Naturalized within Japan, outside natural range
  
• Unpalatable to deer, and probably other browsing animals
  
• Shade-tolerant
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by seeds
  
• Seeds dispersed by gravity and intentionally by people

Low Risk Traits:

• No reports of negative impacts where cultivated
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Ornamental value
  
• Dioecious
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively
  
• Long time to reproductive maturity
  
• Seed dispersal concentrated around mother trees
  
• Despite drupe-like fruit, not reported to be dispersed by birds or other animals
  
• Not reported to resprout after damage to trunk