Family: Cactaceae

Origin, Description & Uses
Opuntia cochenillifera, commonly known as cochineal cactus, is a spineless or nearly spineless cactus native to Mexico. It has flattened, paddle-shaped green stems and produces colorful flowers followed by fleshy fruits. Traditionally, this species has been cultivated as a host plant for cochineal insects, which are used to produce natural red dye. It is also grown as an ornamental plant, living fence, and drought-tolerant landscape species in warm climates. Its ability to thrive in dry, sunny environments has contributed to its popularity in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.

Risks & Threats
Cochineal cactus is naturalized on Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Maui, and possesses traits that are cause for concern in Hawai‘i and other tropical island ecosystems. This cactus can spread vegetatively from broken stem segments and may form dense patches that displace native vegetation and alter natural habitats. Its tolerance of drought, poor soils, and harsh conditions allows it to persist and expand in disturbed areas. Because of its invasive potential and ability to negatively impact island ecosystems, planting of this species is discouraged where safer options are available. Choosing a low risk or native alternative is recommended to help protect Hawai‘i’s unique environments.

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized in Hawaiian Island, Florida, Puerto Rico and elsewhere
  
• Sometimes spiny
  
• Tolerates many soil conditions (and potentially able to exploit many different habitat types)
  
• Can form thickets
  
• Spreads vegetatively

Low Risk Traits:

• Ornamental value
  
• Edible fruit and cladodes (stem segments) for both people and animals
  
• Pollinated by hummingbirds (seed set may be low in areas lacking appropriate birds)
  
• Despite ability to spread, no negative impacts have been documented