Family: Rubiaceae
High Risk Traits:
- Broad climate suitability
- Thrives, and spreads, in regions with tropical climates
- Naturalized on Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Kahoolawe, and Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands), and widely naturalized elsewhere
- Weed of lawns, roadsides, and disturbed sites
- Common weed of crops
- Potential environmental weed
- Other Oldenlandia species are invasive weeds
- Tolerates many soil types
- Reproduces by prolific seed production, and vegetatively by stem and root fragments
- Self-compatible (able to produce seeds through self-pollination)
- Reaches maturity in one growing season
- Seeds dispersed by wind, water, animals, and vehicles, or as a contaminant in soil and agricultural produce
- Prolific seed production
- Forms a persistent seed bank
Low Risk Traits:
- Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
- Provides fodder for livestock
- Non-toxic (and reported to have medicinal uses)
- Thrives in high light environments (dense shade may inhibit spread)
- Herbicides may provide effective control