Family: Rubiaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Broad climate suitability
  
• Thrives, and spreads, in regions with tropical climates
  
• Naturalized on Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Kahoolawe, and Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands), and widely naturalized elsewhere
  
• Weed of lawns, roadsides, and disturbed sites
  
• Common weed of crops
  
• Potential environmental weed
  
• Other Oldenlandia species are invasive weeds
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by prolific seed production, and vegetatively by stem and root fragments
  
• Self-compatible (able to produce seeds through self-pollination)
  
• Reaches maturity in one growing season
  
• Seeds dispersed by wind, water, animals, and vehicles, or as a contaminant in soil and agricultural produce
  
• Prolific seed production
  
• Forms a persistent seed bank

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Provides fodder for livestock
  
• Non-toxic (and reported to have medicinal uses)
  
• Thrives in high light environments (dense shade may inhibit spread)
  
• Herbicides may provide effective control