Family: Apocynaceae
High Risk Traits:
- Naturalized in Australia, from Mediterranean to subtropical climates
- An environmental weed in Australia, suppressing native plant recruitment
- Shade-tolerant (able to establish other under plants)
- Forms dense mats that can suppress other vegetation
- Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively
- Plants are self-fertile
- Able to reach reproductive maturity in 2+ years
- Seeds dispersed by wind, and possibly other vectors
- Plants dispersed intentionally by people (as an ornamental)
Low Risk Traits:
- Non-toxic
- Ornamental
- Limited production of viable seeds
- Seeds lack dormancy and should not form a persistent seed bank
- Certain herbicides may provide effective control