Family: Passifloraceae

High Risk Traits:

• Thrives and spreads in regions with tropical climates
  
• Naturalized on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui and Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) and elsewhere in the wet tropics
  
• Threatens habitat of at least one endangered plant species in the Hawaiian Islands (Kadua haupuensis)
  
• Other Passiflora species are invasive weeds
  
• Toxic properties to people and possibly animals
  
• Climbing and smothering growth habit
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by seeds
  
• Fast growing. Reaches maturity in 2-3 years.
  
• Seeds dispersed by birds, and other fruit-eating animals (possibly pigs in the Hawaiian Islands) and through intentional cultivation

Low Risk Traits:

• Primarily occurs in disturbed, low-elevation habitats. Impacts to natural resources in the Hawaiian Islands currently only reported for one endangered plant species
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Edible fruit
  
• Grows best in high light environments (dense shade may inhibit spread)
  
• Cross-pollination required for seed set
  
• Seeds not reported to form a persistent seed bank
  
• Herbicides may provide effective control