Family: Apiaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized beyond native range (e.g., Hawaii, Maui, temperate regions)
  
• Occurs as a garden, ruderal, and disturbance weed
  
• Broad climate suitability (USDA zones 5a–9b)
  
• Tolerates partial shade
  
• Self-compatible and produces viable seed
  
• Readily self-sows

Low Risk Traits:

• No spines, thorns, or burrs
  
• No allelopathy or parasitism
  
• Not toxic to animals or humans (at normal use)
  
• No vegetative reproduction (seed only)