Family: Arecaceae

Origin, Description & Uses:
Phoenix canariensis, commonly known as the Canary Island date palm, is native to the Canary Islands off the northwest coast of Africa. This large, slow-growing palm is widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions as an ornamental landscape tree because of its thick trunk, long arching fronds, and stately appearance. Mature trees can become very tall and develop a dramatic canopy that makes them popular in parks, resorts, streetscapes, and large residential landscapes. The species is valued for its drought tolerance, longevity, and ability to create a distinctive tropical aesthetic.

Risks & Threats:
Although Canary Island date palm is not currently known to be naturalized in the Hawaiian Islands, it possesses several traits that raise concern for tropical island ecosystems. The species produces abundant fruit that may be spread by birds and other animals, potentially allowing seedlings to establish beyond cultivated settings. Large palms can also outcompete other vegetation for space, light, and resources in suitable habitats. In regions outside its native range, related palm species have demonstrated the ability to escape cultivation and alter local plant communities. Because of these concerns, this species could detrimentally impact tropical island ecosystems if it becomes widely established. When possible, Plant Pono recommends choosing a low risk or native alternative for landscaping and planting projects.

High Risk Traits:

• Tolerates diverse climates and soils
  
• Naturalized in California and Florida
  
• Environmental weed; forms dense thickets
  
• Congeneric (P. dactylifera) is invasive
  
• Produces spines
  
• Host for giant palm weevil
  
• Hybridizes naturally
  
• Dispersed by water, birds, mammals, and humans
  
• Resprouts after cutting

Low Risk Traits:

• Non-toxic
  
• Not self-compatible (dioecious)
  
• Slow-growing