Family: Piperaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Congeneric (Piper) species are weeds
  
• Allelopathic (inhibits other plants)
  
• Forms dense thickets
  
• Shade tolerant
  
• Reproduces via vegetative fragmentation (stem cuttings)
  
• Intentionally spread by people
  
• Benefits from pruning/mutilation

Low Risk Traits:

• Not naturalized
  
• Produces no viable seeds
  
• Narrow climate requirements (tropical, humid)
  
• Demands specific, well-drained soils
  
• Slow to flower (2–3 years)