Family: Pittosporaceae
Origin, Description & Uses
Pittosporum pentandrum is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree native to southern China, Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Borneo, and parts of Southeast Asia to northern Sulawesi. It has glossy green leaves, clusters of small fragrant flowers, and rounded capsules that split open to reveal sticky seeds. The species has been cultivated as an ornamental tree in tropical and subtropical regions because of its attractive foliage, dense canopy, and adaptability to a variety of growing conditions. In Hawaiʻi, it has been planted in landscapes and gardens and is now naturalized on Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, and Hawaiʻi Island.
Risks & Threats
Although sometimes valued as an ornamental, Pittosporum pentandrum is naturalized in Hawaiʻi and possesses traits that are cause for concern in tropical island ecosystems. The species produces abundant seeds that can be spread by birds and other animals, allowing it to establish beyond cultivated areas and invade disturbed forests and natural habitats. Its ability to grow in a range of environmental conditions and form dense stands may allow it to compete with native vegetation and alter ecosystem structure over time. Because of these invasive characteristics, this species could detrimentally impact tropical island ecosystems if its spread continues unchecked. When possible, Plant Pono recommends choosing a low-risk or native alternative for landscaping and planting projects.
High Risk Traits:
- Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
- Thrives in tropical climates
- Naturalized in Hawaiian Islands (Kauai, Oahu, Hawaii) and Florida
- A disturbance-adapted tree
- Other Pittosporum species are invasive
- Shade-tolerant
- Reproduces by seed
- Seeds dispersed by birds and intentionally by people
- Able to resprout after fires
Low Risk Traits:
- Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
- Provides fodder for livestock
- Ornamental and medicinal uses
- Not reported to spread vegetatively
