Family: Plantaginaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Broad distribution, climate tolerance, and elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Grows in temperate and tropical climates
  
• Widely naturalized
  
• Weed of disturbed sites, agriculture and the natural environment
  
• Other Plantago species are invasive
  
• Host for recognized pests and pathogens
  
• Prolific pollen causes hay fever
  
• Shade-tolerant
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Can form dense stands
  
• Produces seeds which are dispersed by adhering to people, animals and equipment
  
• Seeds also dispersed by water and internally by birds and other animals
  
• Able to reach maturity in 1 year
  
• Can form a persistence seed bank
  
• Can tolerate browsing and resprouts after fire

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
  
• Provides fodder for livestock
  
• Mostly self-incompatible
  
• Not able to hybridize with other Plantago species
  
• Herbicides provide effective control