Family: Plumbaginaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Broad climate suitability (grows in regions with tropical, Mediterranean, and seasonally in temperate climates)
  
• Naturalized on Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) and in several other locations worldwide
  
• Other Plumbago species may be invasive weeds
  
• Reported to be toxic to animals under certain conditions
  
• Potentially toxic or allergenic to people
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by suckers
  
• Reaches maturity in 2 years.
  
• Sticky seed capsules aid in dispersal of seeds by animals and possibly people
  
• Tolerates and resprouts after heavy pruning, cutting or top kill

Low Risk Traits:

• Not reported to have negative impacts where naturalized or cultivated
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Palatable to browsing animals (despite reports of toxicity)
  
• Grows best in high light environments (dense shade may inhibit spread)
  
• Self-incompatible
  
• Low natural seed set