Family: Apocynaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Repeated introductions outside native range
  
• Toxic sap causes human dermatitis
  
• Tolerates wide range of soils
  
• Produces viable, self-compatible seeds
  
• Wind-dispersed propagules
  
• Intentionally spread by people
  
• Seeds viable 2–3 years

Low Risk Traits:

• Not naturalized or weedy
  
• Low invasive potential
  
• No spines, thorns, or burrs
  
• Not toxic to animals
  
• Does not form dense thickets
  
• Not shade tolerant
  
• Not a prolific seed producer
  
• Thin bark, easily damaged