Family: Podocarpaceae

Origin, Description & Uses
Podocarpus macrophyllus var. maki, commonly known as maki, is an evergreen conifer native to southern China, northern Myanmar, Taiwan, and parts of central and southern Japan. This slow-growing shrub or small tree has dense, dark green needle-like leaves and a naturally upright, compact form that makes it popular in landscaping. Maki is widely used as a hedge, privacy screen, topiary, bonsai specimen, or ornamental accent in gardens and urban plantings. Its tolerance for pruning, shade, wind, and a variety of soil conditions has contributed to its popularity in tropical and subtropical landscapes, including Hawaiʻi.

Risks & Threats
Maki is considered a low risk species for Hawaiʻi. It has not shown evidence of aggressive spread or significant impacts to native ecosystems. Although it produces seeds that may occasionally germinate near cultivated plants, it is generally slow growing and not known to form invasive populations. As with many ornamental species, proper garden management and disposal of plant material are recommended to minimize any potential for escape into natural areas. Overall, maki is regarded as a suitable ornamental choice for landscapes when maintained responsibly.

High Risk Traits:

• Toxic to animals (cats) and humans (allergenic pollen)
  
• Creates fire hazard (highly flammable)
  
• Unpalatable to deer
  
• Shade tolerant
  
• Bird-dispersed seeds (fleshy fruits)
  
• Intentional dispersal by people (ornamental, bonsai)
  
• Tolerates heavy pruning and fire

Low Risk Traits:

• Highly domesticated (cultivar) – reduces invasion potential
  
• No confirmed naturalization
  
• Dioecious (self-incompatible)
  
• Slow growing (4+ years to maturity)
  
• No persistent seed bank (viviparous seeds)
  
• Low seed production
  
• Narrow soil tolerance (prefers acidic soil)
  
• No wind, water, or external animal dispersal
  
• No spines, thorns, or major pests