Family: Rosaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Grows in temperate to subtropical climates
  
• Naturalized on Kauai (Hawaiian Islands), Australia, New Zealand, SE USA
  
• An environmental weed in New Zealand
  
• Shade-tolerant
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Forms dense stands in New Zealand, interfering with native plant regeneration
  
• Reproduces by seeds
  
• Reaches maturity in 1-3 years
  
• Seeds dispersed by birds and intentionally by people
  
• Prolific seeder (densities unspecified)
  
• Seeds may form a persistent seed bank
  
• Able to resprout after cutting

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
  
• Despite weediness, valued as an ornamental
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively