Family: Rubiaceae
High Risk Traits:
- Grows in tropical climates (potential to establish in Hawaiian ecosystems)
- Shade tolerant (could establish in the understory of intact, shade forests)
- Reproduces by seeds
- Seeds dispersed by birds and possibly other frugivorous animals
- Tolerates and able to resprout after fires
- Gaps in biological and ecological information may reduce accuracy of risk prediction
Low Risk Traits:
- No reports of invasiveness or naturalization, but no evidence of widespread introduction outside native range
- Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
- No reports of toxicity (and fruits reported to be edible)
- Not reported to spread vegetatively