Family: Rosaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Grows in tropical climates
  
• Naturalized on Lanai and Hawaii, and controlled (but not documented as naturalized) on Kauai (Hawaiian Islands); naturalized in several other locations worldwide
  
• A pasture weed on the mainland U.S. and a potential environmental weed in Hawaii and elsewhere
  
• Other Rosa species are invasive weeds
  
• Canes covered in stout, curved prickles
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Climbing, and can overtop other desirable vegetation
  
• Forms dense thickets that impede movement
  
• Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by rooting canes and suckers
  
• Reaches maturity in 3 years
  
• Seeds dispersed by birds, mammals and intentionally by people
  
• Seeds may form a persistent seed bank (viable for 1-5 years)
  
• Able to resprout after cutting

Low Risk Traits:

• Palatable to goats, despite presence of prickles
  
• Valued as an ornamental and landscaping plant by some
  
• Thrives in full sun (dense shade may slow spread)
  
• Herbicides can provide effective control