Family: Polygonaceae
High Risk Traits:
- Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
- Broad climate suitability
- Naturalized in regions with subtropical climates
- Widely naturalized, including Kauai, Maui, and Hawaii
- Disturbance and crop weed
- Potential environmental weed
- Other Rumex species are invasive
- Potentially poisonous to livestock because of the presence of soluble oxalates
- Alternate host of crop diseases
- Mild allergen
- Tolerates many soil types
- May form dense stands that exclude other vegetation
- Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively from creeping roots and rhizomes
- Seeds dispersed by wind, water, mud, animals, vehicle tires, agricultural operations, and as contaminants in seed, grain, and hay
- Can form a persistent seed bank
- Tolerates mowing and cutting
Low Risk Traits:
- May threaten higher elevations of regions with tropical or subtropical climates
- Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
- Palatable to animals (despite potential toxicity)
- Possibly Shade-intolerant
- Primarily dioecious
- Herbicides may provide effective control