Family: Rosaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, and able to grow in 5 hardiness zones, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Certain subspecies can grow in subtropical climates, but primarily a temperate to Mediterranean species
  
• Naturalized in many countries, but no evidence in Hawaiian Islands to date
  
• Regarded as weedy, and potentially impacting the natural environment, but generally considered a desirable pasture plant
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by rhizomes (short distances)
  
• Apomictic forms exist
  
• Reaches maturity in 2 years
  
• Seeds dispersed internally and externally by animals, intentionally by people, as a seed contaminant, and potentially by wind and water
  
• Prolific seed production (but not in excess of 1000 seeds/m²)
  
• Seeds persist in soil for 30+ years
  
• Able to resprout after browsing; may also tolerate some fire

Low Risk Traits:

• Despite reports of weediness, generally regarded as a desirable, non-aggressive pasture addition
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Provides fodder for livestock
  
• Non-toxic
  
• May be limited to high light environments
  
• Herbicides may provide effective control