Family: Poaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized in Hawaii
  
• Suitable for tropical/subtropical climates
  
• Forms dense thickets
  
• Produces viable seed
  
• Dispersed intentionally by people
  
• Wind-dispersed propagules
  
• Potential fire hazard (thatch accumulation)
  
• Shade-tolerant

Low Risk Traits:

• No spines, toxins, or allelopathy
  
• Not a weed (agricultural, environmental, or congeneric)
  
• Narrow climate tolerance (humid warm sites only)
  
• Very long generation time (~30 years to seed)
  
• No prolific seed production or persistent seed bank
  
• No vegetative fragmentation (clumping habit)
  
• No animal or contaminant dispersal