Family: Fabaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Thrives in tropical climates
  
• Naturalized on main Hawaiian Islands and elsewhere
  
• Environmental weed in Australia and Africa, competing with desirable vegetation (impacts in Hawaii not as well documented)
  
• Other Senna species are invasive
  
• Reported to be unpalatable to animals (but seeds used in fodder)
  
• Unconfirmed reports of toxicity in seeds
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Unclear whether this species in N-fixing
  
• Reproduces by seeds
  
• Reaches maturity in 2 years
  
• Seeds dispersed by water, mud sticking to animals, humans, machinery, and vehicles and as a contaminant of agricultural produce
  
• Seeds form a persistent seed bank

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Seeds may provide fodder for livestock (palatable despite reports of toxicity)
  
• Light-demanding
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively
  
• Herbicides provide effective control