Family: Proteaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Broad climate suitability (temperate to subtropical)
  
• Thrives in tropical climates
  
• Naturalizing on island of Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands); may be naturalized outside native range in Australia and an escape, and possibly naturalized, in New Zealand
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by seeds, and vegetatively over short distances by suckers
  
• Seeds dispersed by wind and intentionally by people
  
• Coppices and suckers following cutting and fire

Low Risk Traits:

• No reports of invasiveness or negative impacts outside native range
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Palatable to browsing animals
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Floral morphology prevents self-pollination
  
• Flowers adapted for bird-pollination; seed set may be reduced where effective pollinators are limited or absent
  
• Reaches maturity slowly (7-15 years to flower if grown from seed)