Family: Loganiaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Thrives in tropical climates
  
• Naturalized in Florida
  
• Thorny tree
  
• Seeds and unripe fruit are toxic
  
• Tolerates some shade
  
• Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by root suckers
  
• Seeds dispersed by large mammals and intentionally by people (possibly by pigs in Hawaiian Islands)
  
• Seeds orthodox, may persist in the soil
  
• Able to coppice and resprout after cutting

Low Risk Traits:

• Palatable to livestock and grazing animals
  
• Edible and medicinal uses
  
• Reaches maturity in 5-10 years from seed
  
• Large fruit and seeds unlikely to be accidentally dispersed