Family: Fabaceae

Trifolium alexandrinum (berseem clover, Egyptian clover) is a clover that has been cultivated in Egypt since ancient times. Berseem clover is primarily grown for livestock forage. It is known for its high nutritional value, providing a source of protein for cattle, goats, and other livestock. It is an important winter crop in Egypt, taking advantage of the cool, wet months when other forages are less productive. It is an important crop for honeybees as well, producing Berseem honey, which is known for its sweetness and mild, earthy taste. This plant has not been documented as naturalized in any Hawaiian Islands to date.

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized in regions with tropical to subtropical climates (native range unknown)
  
• Reported to be a weed in some crops (although impacts have not been specified or quantified)
  
• Other Trifolium species have become invasive
  
• Contains chemicals that may cause infertility if consumed exclusively by animals
  
• Tolerates a wide range of soils
  
• Reproduces exclusively by seeds
  
• Some genotypes may be self-compatible
  
• Seeds dispersed intentionally by people and potentially as a seed contaminant
  
• Seeds able to be stored for extended periods; May form a persistent seed bank
  
• Can be repeatedly cut, but plants are annuals and will only persist for one growing season

Low Risk Traits:

• Despite naturalization and reports of weediness, negative impacts have not been specified or quantified
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Palatable and provides fodder for livestock
  
• Thrives in full sun (dense shade may inhibit ability to spread)
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively
  
• Herbicides may provide effective control if needed