Family: Fabaceae
High Risk Traits:
- Broad climate suitability
- Can grow, and potentially spread, in regions with tropical climates
- Sparingly naturalized on Hawaii island, widely naturalize elsewhere
- Weed of lawns roadsides and disturbed areas
- Occasional weed of crops (impacts ambiguous)
- Other Trifolium species are invasive weeds
- Potentially allelopathic
- May be mildly toxic to livestock under certain conditions
- Tolerates many soil types (not substrate limited)
- Forms dense swards (could compete with other desirable vegetation)
- Reproduces by seeds
- Self-fertile and self-pollination
- An annual, reaching maturity in <1 year
- Seeds dispersed internally by animals and through agricultural activities (i.e. potential soil and seed contaminant)
- Tolerates cutting and grazing
Low Risk Traits:
- Despite naturalization and reports of weediness, generally not regarded as a problematic agricultural or environmental weed in the Hawaiian Islands
- Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
- Provides fodder for livestock
- Ornamental
- Not reported to spread vegetatively
- Herbicides may provide effective control if removal is desired