Family: Tropaeolaceae
High Risk Traits:
- Naturalized in Hawaiian Islands and several other locations
- Thrives in higher elevation tropical climates
- Controlled in Hawaii and other locations because of threats to natural environment
- Other Tropaeolum also have become invasive
- Shade-tolerant
- Tolerates many soil conditions (and potentially able to exploit many different habitat types)
- Smothering habit
- Reaches maturity in under 1 year
- Spread by garden waste, water dispersed seeds, gravity and intentionally be people
- Will resprout from cut stems
Low Risk Traits:
- Edible leaves, flower buds and seeds
- Non-toxic
- Landscaping and ornamental value
- May be effectively controlled with herbicides
