Family: Fabaceae

Tylosema esculentum, commonly known as the marama bean or gemsbok bean, is a leguminous plant native to Southern Africa, particularly found in countries like Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa. It is adapted to arid environments and is considered a valuable food source in the regions where it grows. Marama beans are consumed locally and are a significant food resource in the regions where the plant is native. The seeds have a nutty flavor and can be used in various culinary applications, similar to peanuts or other legumes. It is not currently documented to be naturalized or invasive outside its native range.

High Risk Traits:

• Thrives and can potentially spread in regions with tropical climates
  
• Broad climate suitability
  
• Raw seeds and tubers may contain toxic constituents
  
• Tuberous roots allow the plant to survive drought and cool weather
  
• Reproduces by seed
  
• Reaches maturity in 18-24 months
  
• Seeds dispersed by dehiscent pods and intentional cultivation
  
• Orthodox seeds may form a persistent seed bank

Low Risk Traits:

• No reports of invasive or negative impacts where cultivated
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Palatable to animals
  
• Grows best in high light environments (dense shade may inhibit spread)
  
• Relatively large pods and seeds unlikely to be accidentally spread