Family: Fabaceae

High Risk Traits:

• A domesticated crop with weedy and naturalized forms
  
• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Grows and persists in regions with tropical climates
  
• Reported to be naturalized in Asia (but not in the Hawaiian Islands to date)
  
• Weedy, or wild forms may invade disturbed habitats and could impact crops
  
• Other Vigna species are weedy or invasive
  
• Potentially allelopathic
  
• Impacted by several pests and pathogens (could serve as a host for other crops or plants)
  
• Can grow in moderate shade
  
• Climbing, and potentially smothering habit
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by seed
  
• Self-pollinated
  
• Rapidly reaches maturity (1-2+ months)
  
• Seeds dispersed by dehiscent pods (wild types), possibly through ingestion by livestock, as a seed contaminant, and through intentional cultivation

Low Risk Traits:

• Domesticated plants with reduced dispersibility and seed longevity may reduce invasion risk
  
• Two subspecies cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands are not reported to be naturalized or invasive, and are likely of lower risk than wild types
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Provides fodder for livestock
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively
  
• Herbicides reported to provide effective control