Family: Apocynaceae
High Risk Traits:
- Thrives and could spread in regions with tropical climates
- Tolerates many soil types
- Reproduces by seed
- Fast growth rate, and capable of flowering after 2 years from seed
- Seeds dispersed by wind, and through intentional cultivation
- Tolerates heavy pruning
Low Risk Traits:
- No reports of naturalization or invasives, but widely cultivated in native range, with natural distribution now obscure
- Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
- Non-toxic
- Grows in full sun to part-shade (dense shade may inhibit ability to establish or spread)
- Rarely, if ever, fruits in Hawaiian Islands. May reduce, or eliminate, risk of long-distance dispersal