Family: Apocynaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Thrives and could spread in regions with tropical climates
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by seed
  
• Fast growth rate, and capable of flowering after 2 years from seed
  
• Seeds dispersed by wind, and through intentional cultivation
  
• Tolerates heavy pruning

Low Risk Traits:

• No reports of naturalization or invasives, but widely cultivated in native range, with natural distribution now obscure
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Grows in full sun to part-shade (dense shade may inhibit ability to establish or spread)
  
• Rarely, if ever, fruits in Hawaiian Islands. May reduce, or eliminate, risk of long-distance dispersal