Family: Solanaceae
An upright herbaceous plant that reaches heights of up to 3 feet. Solanum americanum, commonly called pōpolo, is an indigenous shrub with an extensive native range. While somewhat short-lived, pōpolo is self-seeding. It produces (and drops) many berries full of seeds that readily germinate. Birds are also attracted to the glossy black fruit, dispersing it far and wide. Pōpolo is a common native plant that ‘volunteers,’ especially in disturbed areas.
Their green leaves have wavy edges, are small, and are alternately arranged. Three to ten flowers grow close to the apex. They are star-shaped, white (sometimes there is a purple tinge) with a yellow center, and hang in pendant clusters. Fruit is small, glossy black, and contains numerous seeds within. They readily fall off once ripe.
An important plant for the Hawaiians, pōpolo, was used as food, medicine, and dye. Leaves and berries were food sources in times of famine. Wounds were packed in salt and pōpolo leaves. A poultice was made for inflamed eyes. Young leaves were consumed for coughing and bloating.
Note: Pōpolo seeds were originally observed in an adze quarry site atop Mauna Kea in 1982 and it was thought that this quarry was abandoned sometime in the 1600’s. This species has been treated as a native species since 1835, but experts today still haven’t agreed whether pōpolo is an indigenous, Polynesian introduced, or non-native plant.
Plant Uses:
- Container plant
- Cultural significance
- Edible
- Erosion control
- Hedge
- Medicinal
- Ornamental
Plant Dangers:
- No dangers
